Hydeo-oaebos liquids as fuel



intrl gratta gutem @fitta A. J. WORKS, 0F FAIR HAVEN, CONNECTICUT. Lam Para; No. 61,131, @zaeaJmam-y s, 1867.

IMPROVED MODE 0F BURNING HYDRO-CARBON LIQUIDS AS FUEL.

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VTO ALL WHOM IT MAY CONCERN:

Be it known that I, A. J. WORKS, of FaiuHavien, in the county of New Haven, and State of Connecticut, have invented a new and useful improvement in using Hydro-Carbon Liquids and Hydrogen Gas as Fuel; and I do hereby declare that the following is 'a'.full, clear, and exact description thereof, which will enable others skilled in the art to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawing, forming part of this specification, in which drawing- Figure l represents a transverse vertical section of an apparatus used in carrying out this invention.

Figure 2 is a horizontal section of the same. Y

This invention relates to the use of petroleum, or'other hydro-carbon liquids, or the vapors thereof, or the constituent gases thereof, which are burned in 'open troughs or receivers surrounded by air-channels, in connection with jets of decomposed steam or hydrogen gas thrown upon the liquid or into the flames thereof in such a manner that a perfect combustion of the hydro-carbon liquid is elected, and an intense heat is produced. The decomposition of the steam is effected iu a chamber which is lled with charcoal or coke, and which is situated above the receivers in such a manner that it serves as a shield to protect the exposed parts of the boiler, still, or other thing under which the apparatus or burner is used, and to compress the flames of the hydro-carbon liquids, and prevent the escape of unconsunred carbon, and that it is heated bythe action of said flames, and thereby the decomposition of the steam is facilitated. The decomposed steam issues from the decomposer through a series ofjets, and is discharged involumes of flame, or as decomposed steam, intensely heated, on the surface of the hydro-carbon liquid in the lower receiver, so that the vaporization of said liquid is greatly facilitated, and the flame or gases issuing from the openings in the decomposer are intimately mixed with the vapors and gases arising from the receivers, and therebythe use of heavy oils, such as crude petroleum, for fuel, is rendered highly practicable and economical.

The letter A represents or designates a receiver, which, by preference, is made annular and oblong, as

t shown in g. 2 of the drawing, but' which maybe made in any other suitable form or shape. In the interior of this receiver is situated a secondary receiver, B, which is supported by the standards a, or any other suitable Ineans,land into this, interior receiver I introduce petroleum, or other hydro-carbon liquid, through a pipe, Z), which connects with the oil reservoir C. As thepsecondary receiver B lls with oil, said oil overows into the main receiver A, the bottom of which is covered with pumioe stone, or other refractory and absorbent material, whereby the liquid is spread over a large evaporating surface, and itsvaporiz ation is materially facilitated. The receiver A is supported by beams, D, and it is surrounded by ajacket, E, leaving a central air-channel, c, in the interior, and an annular air-channel, cl, round said trough, so that a full supply of atmospheric air is admitted to support the combustion of the gases emanating from the troughs A B, andfrom the decomposer F. This decomposer is supported by a pipe, c, which rises up through the central air-channel c, and it extends down within the jacket E, as shown in iig. 1 of thedrawing. If desired, thc decomposer may be further supported by bolts tapped into and resting on the cross-bars. On the top edge of said jacket, and properly supported, rests a head, G, whereby the burning vapors and gases emanating from the receivers and from the dccomposcr are thrownin contact with the sides of said decomposer, so as to heat the same, or its contents, to the proper temperature to eect the decomposition of steam. Steam-is admitted to said decomposer through a pipe, c, which connects with a steamfboiler or other suitable steam generator, H, and the top of said decomposcr is made movable, so that it can be takenotf for the purpose of introducing charcoal, coke, or other material by which the decomposition of the steam is produced. Asv the stcanrpasses through the incandescent charcoal, coke, or other material in the decomposer, it is decomposed into hydrogen and carbonio oxide gases, and these gases issue through a series of openings near the bottom of tho decomposer. ln order to permit these jets of gas, or the llames thereof, to strike the surface of the oil in the main receiver A, the inner edge of said receiver is bevelled or made bevelling, as clearly shown in g.' 1, and as the heated gases, die., issuing from the decomposer, strike the surface of the overflowing oil in the receiver A, they facilitate the vaporization thereof, so that the heavier oils, such, for. instance, as crude petroleum, of any degree of gravity, can bc used with advantage as fuel in I every kind of furnace or lire-box. The vapors or gases rising from the oil in the receivers mingle intimately with the gases, or are ignited by the flames issuing from the decomposer, and a gas compound or flame is obtained which produces an intense heat. y The decompeser being placed over the receivers B, and being provided with gas openings,f, below, forms a shield which prevents the escape of uneonsumed carbon, and the oil is burned with great economy. In practice my burner will be surrounded by a brick wall, so that no air is admitted to the flames except through the air-channels c d. This burner is applicable to reneries, steam boilers, and, in

fact, for furnaces of any descriptonwhatever where an intense heat is required. It might be remarked thatthis process and apparatus have already been practically applied in-a large number of refineries and steam boilers, and for several months past worked and used therein with very great success, economy, and satisfaction. When applied to refineries, therefusethereof, used in the above manner, is found sufficient to work the same, and no other fuel whatever is required. In applying my invention to steam-boilers, 85e., the hydro-carbon can be ignited and burned alone until steam is raised in the boiler sufficient tollow through the pipe, when it can be allowed to pass into the decomposer. But in case of marine, locomotive, or other large boilers or furnaces, it is well to use a small temporary boiler to furnish steam until the steam begins to generate in the large one,

Vwhen the small one is dispensed with, and the heating proceeds in an increased ratio or degree. Waste steam 0r water may be used, and so the power ofthe engines be not interfered with. l

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as' new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. The combustion of naphtha, crude petroleum, or any other liquid hydro-carbon, on`an open surface or receiver connected or surrounded with air-channels in lconnection with ignited hydrogen gas, the llames of both uniting whilein a state of combustion, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

2. I also claim the arrangement of a series of receivers, two or more, in combination with each other and with a suitable'supply pipe, constructed and operating substantially as and for the purpose described.

3. I also claim the secondary receiver B, in combination with the main receiver A, substantially as and for the purposes described. i

4. I also claim the central air-channel c, and annular air-channel d, in combination with the receiver A, constructed and operating substantially as and for the purpose described. f

5. I also claim the decomposer F, provided with jet openings f near its bottom, in combination with the jacket E, receivers A B, and air-channels c d, allconstructed'and operating substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

6. I also claim the hood G, in combination with the jacket E, decomposer F, receivers AB, aml'air-chamiels c d, all constructed and` operating substantially as set forth.

The above specification 'signed by me this 1st day of December, 1866.

A. J. WORKS.

Witnesses:

W. HAUFF, J. VAN SANTvooun. 

